《TheFIFADiplomainSoccerMedicine》Module1LowerLimb
《國際足聯足球醫學文憑》第1單元下肢
Part6Foot
第6部分足部
Lesson8Navicular
第8課舟狀骨
Navicular(1)fracturesposeahighriskforlong-termpathologyandareassociatedwithapoorprognosisifnotproperlytreated.Thenavicularisthekeystoneboneofthemedialcolumnofthefootwithseveralarticulationsandahighdegreeofinherentstability.Navicularstressfracturesarestronglyassociatedwithsportsthatinvolvesuddenchangesofdirection,jumpingandsprinting.Likefracturesofthebaseofthefifthmetatarsal,theyrequirespecialconsiderationastheyarehardtodiagnoseandoftenchallengingtotreat.Theytypicallyoriginateonthedorsalbonysurfaceandcanprogresstoabicorticalfracture.Navicularstressfracturesrepresentupto15%ofallsports-relatedstressfractures.Sincethereareoftenonlyveryminimallocalsigns(pain,swelling,discoloration,ROM,strength)andsincetheonsetofthepainistypicallyinsidious,thediagnosisisoftendelayed.Ahighindexofsuspicionisneeded.
舟狀骨骨折對長期病理構成高風險,如果治療不當,預後差。鼻孔是腳內側柱的基石,具有多個關節和高度的固有穩定性。舟狀骨應力性骨折與運動密切相關,涉及方向的突然變化,跳躍和短跑。像第五跖骨底部的骨折一樣,由於它們難以診斷且通常難以治療,因此需要特別考慮。它們通常起源於背骨表面,並可能發展為雙皮質骨折。舟狀骨應力性骨折佔所有與運動有關的應力性骨折的15%。由於通常只有很少的局部體徵(疼痛,腫脹,變色,關節活動度,強度),並且由於疼痛通常是隱性的,因此診斷通常會延遲。需要高度懷疑。
注:
1:navicular舟狀骨是足跟骨之一,位於內側,在距骨和楔狀骨之間,後方和距骨,前方與三楔狀骨形成關節。內側是舟狀骨粗面,平時看不見但足內翻時可以明顯看到。
2:ROM全稱為rangeofmotion,關節活動度(運動範圍)
History
Athleteswithanavicularstressfracturetypicallyhaveaninsidiousonsetofdiffusefootandanklepain.Asthesymptomsareoftenvague,ahighindexofsuspicionisneeded.
病史
患有舟狀骨應力性骨折的運動員通常會出現隱匿性足部和踝部疼痛發作。由於症狀通常比較模糊,因此需要高度懷疑。
Examination
Ahelpful,provocativeandfairlysensitivediagnostictestistofindthe“Nspot”.Todoso,locatethetalonavicularjointbyinvertingandevertingthefootandthenpalpatethedorsalproximalportionofthenavicular.Localtendernessreferstoapositivetest.Othersignssuggestiveofastressfracture(forexample,thehoptest)arealsouseful.
檢查
一個有用且相當敏感的診斷測試是找到“N點”。為此,通過倒轉和傾斜腳來定位距眼的關節,然後觸診鼻背的近端部分。局部壓痛是指陽性測試。暗示應力斷裂的其他跡象(例如,躍點測試)也很有用。
Investigation
Acutenavicularfracturesmaybeseenonplainfilms,whilenavicularfracturesrarelyare.IncreaseduptakeonabonescanorMRIisdiagnostic.CTscanscanbeusedtodefineanacutefractureortogradeastressinjury.Thisgradingmaygivesomeprognosticinformationbasedontheextentofthefracture.Thisrangesfromabreakinthedorsalcortexonlytoa
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